Website for 35904 Asset Pricing
John H. Cochrane, Fall 2013
Last update 1/13/2014
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This course is a survey of asset pricing theory, emphasizing a discount-factor and GMM approach. The discount factor is a unifying framework: p=E(mx) covers everything, stocks, bonds, options, real investments, discrete time, continuous time, asset pricing, portfolio theory, etc.
I. Announcements:
9/22: The coursera site is up. Please do week 0 including all quizzes, report any typos to Aaron and Paymon. Make sure you view the week 1 facts video (at least) before coming to class Monday morning. I will not go over video material! Each day, come to class with one question on that day's material. I'm trying to figure out how to turn a "lecture" class into a "discussion" class, and I'll try simply calling on you to spark that discussion.
Class meets MW 3:10-4:30 HC 3B. The first class is Monday Sept 30. The final exam is Wed Dec 11 3-6 also HC3B. You must take the exam, and you must take it at this time. Don't tell me you need to take it early because you've already booked your tickets to Fiji.
The TAs for the class are Aaron Pancost aaronpancost@gmail.com and Paymon Khorrami paymon.khorrami@gmail.com. There will be a review session Fridays 12:15-1:45 in 3B
Please send me an email if you are going to take the class, but will not be registered as a Booth student (or even if you are, just to be sure). I want to build an email list of students in the class so I can send announcements.
II. Course Policies
Prerequisites. I design the course for Booth PhD students who have taken a year of PhD level economics and econometrics. I also plan for economics department students who have taken the core exam. I encourage students to take 35901 (Fama) before or with this class. Facts motivate theory, and that background will make all this fall into place much better.
You should have some Ph.D.-level macroeconomics, finance or statistics/econometrics before taking this course. I will use without much fanfare concepts like utility maximization, a representative consumer and dynamic program; expected returns, betas, and random walks; and basic time series tools like autocorrelations, ARMA and VAR models, and simple continuous-time diffusion models. Of course, I presume you can use single and multivariable calculus, simple differential equations, matrix algebra, and basic statistics. MBA students are welcome, with the understanding that the course assumes the above background. You will do some simple programming. You will need to use a matrix programming language like Matlab, Octave, R, Python, etc.
Suggestions for background reading. You need to be comfortable with time series mechanics. My Time series notes are a more leisurely refresher of discrete-time time-series mechanics. For continuous time, read the Continuous time review notes for a quick refresher on dz and dt. I will use dz and dt and Ito's lemma on the first day, so make sure you understand this. (I won’t use the forward and backward equations right away.) If you don't know any finance at all, you may find my investments review notes are useful. This is a review of MBA level investments Though not a prerequisite, if you've heard about a stock, bond, rate of return, CAPM, random walk, and efficent market, this class will make more sense to you.
Course requirements. 1) Show up, do the indicated readings, and participate in class discussion. 2) Do problem sets. 3) Take a final exam.
4) Starting Fall 2013, this class will be integrated with a Coursera online class. You are required to sign up for, participate in, and complete and pass the Coursera course. Our in-class experience will build on the Coursera materials. You are also going to be my test cases for the Coursera materials.
I may have some of our class discussions filmed for the online course. If you have an objection to being filmed, let me know.
Policies
Bring a name card and use it. If you don’t bring a name card to class and get your picture in the Booth facebook, don’t complain that faculty don’t know who you are.
You may talk as much as you like and help each other on problem sets, but I expect everyone to actually do the work and write their answers. MBAs may work in groups. You may not hand in problem sets late.
There is one required text: Asset Pricing, Princeton University Press. I recommend the Revised Edition since I got rid of the typos, but you can use the first edition if you already have it and want to save some money. Here’s the Typo list for first edition of Asset Pricing. (If you’re using the Revised edition, these have all been fixed) The list below includes some references, which are the "classic originals" you should at least know about. Some other references are papers that I will lecture on, but do not require you to read the whole paper from beginning to end. I will also post occasional notes here when my lectures stray from the book.
Over the course of the quarter we will also read two other more recent summaries,
Cochrane, John H., 2011, Discount rates Journal of Finance 66, 1047-1108
Cochrane, John H., 2007, Financial Markets and the Real Economy in Rajnish Mehra, Ed. Handbook of the Equity Premium Elsevier 2007, 237-325.
I'll assign bits and pieces, but feel free to read them all once to keep the themes in view. You will find that some of these readings overlap. Seeing the same point in different ways should make it easier in the end.
Communication: Everything will be posted on the class website. Make sure you sign up for the email list so you get news about typos etc.. I’m in HC 459, 702-3059, john.cochrane@chicagobooth.edu
III. Schedule and reading list:
Do the indicated required readings before class.
Week 0 Review Do this and complete the week zero of coursera before class on Sept 30.
Required:
Continuous time notes 2.2-2.4 (p. 13-24)
Optional:
Asset Pricing Preface (Princeton University Press Link)
Investments Notes. A review of my introductory class for MBAs. Useful cultural background.
Week 1. Basic model, Overview, Classic issues in Finance
Class 1: Introduction and overview of facts and a bit of theory. (Equity premium, value effect, Fama-French model, predictability, business cycle facts)
Asset Pricing Ch. 20 introduction p. 389-393, 20.1 p. 391-395 only; Ch. 20.2 p. 435-448 only.
Discount rates p. 1047-1048; 1051-1053; 1058-1063;
Section 1-2 of Financial Markets and the Real Economy p. 237-257
Fama, Eugene F. and Kenneth R. French, 1996, “Multifactor explanations of asset pricing anomalies," Journal of Finance 51, 55-84. Read p. 55-60.
Optional/extra materials
Class 2: Basic consumption-based model, Classic issues in finance -- means and variances, expected returns and betas, discounts due to risk, and so on.
Asset Pricing Ch 1. Chapter 1 (Free PuP link)
Week 2
Class 3: Classic issues continued
Introduction for Gene Fama. (Short review of efficiency)
Class 4: General equilibrium; contingent claims and risk-neutral probabilities
Asset Pricing Ch. 2
(Optional) The classic paper: Lucas, Robert E. Jr, 1978, Asset Prices in An Exchange Economy Econometrica 46, 1429-1455. This is the famous paper that launched the consumption-based model and endowment-economy framework.
Summary up to "classic issues" 10/9/2013
Week 3.
Class 5: State-space representation, risk sharing, aggregation
Asset Pricing Ch. 3
New: Notes on Aggregation 10/17/2013
Class 6: Existence of a discount factor; existence of a positive discount factor
Asset Pricing Ch. 4
(Optional) Hansen, Lars Peter and Scott F. Richard, 1987, The Role of Conditioning Information in Deducing Testable Restrictions Implied by Dynamic Asset Pricing Models Econometrica 55, 587-613. This is the paper that sets out all of the state space stuff, and the conditional vs. unconditional mean variance frontier. It has all the assumptions and the proofs. Very dense, and I mean that as a compliment.
Week 4.
Class 7: Mean-variance frontier
Asset Pricing Ch 5;
Class 8: Beta representations; relationhip between discount factor, mean-variance and beta representations; conditioning information
Asset Pricing Ch. 6.1-6.4; 7; 8.1-8.2
Week 5
Class 9: Factor pricing models.; CAPM, ICAPM, APT
Asset Pricing Ch. 9
Class 10: Factor structure and factor pricing in action. The value premium, the Fama-French model and beyond
Fama and French, “Multifactor explanations of asset pricing anomalies," p. 55-84. Read the rest of the paper Skip section V, 68-75.
Review week 1 readings
(Optional, the next reading for those interested) Fama, Eugene F., and Kenneth R. French 2006, “Dissecting Anomalies” Journal of Finance 63 (4) 1653-1678. An investigation of new anomalies that have cropped up since value. And a strong suspicion that many anomalies are only present in dusty corners of the market.
Week 6.
Class 11 Option pricing.
Asset Pricing Ch 17. Read about option payoff diagrams, put call parity etc. as I won't do that in class.
Class 12 Term structure definitions, the expectations hypothesis its violation, and factor structure in bonds.
Ch. 19-1-19.3. Read yield, forward rate etc. definitions carefully, as I won’t review that in class. The Investments notes also have a quick review of this material.
Ch. 20.1 p. 426-435
“Bond Risk Premia” with Monika Piazzesi. Ignore section V “Tests.” (Reference: Appendix to “Bond Risk Premia,” which you should know about if you workn on this) Bond risk premia is our update of the Fama-Bliss facts. There is a single-factor structure in expected returns.
(Optional, next reading. Lustig, Hanno, Nikolai L. Roussanov, and Adrien Verdelhan, 2011, "Common Risk Factors in Currency Markets," Review of Financial Studies 24: 3731-3777 doi:10.1093/rfs/hhr068. Read only through p. 3750. Fama and French go international.)
Week 7.
Class 13, 14 Term structure models. Vasicek, CIR and all that
Asset Pricing Ch. 19
Lecture notes. Part 1 Part 2 (These are old versions, I'll note here when they are updated.)
Asset Pricing 20 p. p. 422-453. Read 20.1 426-435, “Bonds” and “Foreign Exchange”
Cochrane, John H. and Monika Piazzesi, Decomposing the Yield Curve
Week 8.
Class 15, 16 Portfolio theory
Portfolio Theory This is a draft for a chapter of the next Asset Pricing revision.
Discount rates p.1079-1086
(Optional, Reference) A Mean-Variance Benchmark for Intertemporal Portfolio Theory. A stirring essay on portfolio theory, followed by a compact derivation of standard mean variance results. The point of the paper is to apply mean-variance theory directly to payoffs and avoid all the merton dynamic problems.
(Optional, reference) “Portfolio Advice for a Multifactor World"
Week 9-10. Asset pricing and macro.
Class 17: Predictability and volatility
Asset Pricing Ch. 20.1
Discount rates p.1047-1058
Optional / reference:
Lecture notes. On stock predictability. A bit chatty, from the last time I taught the empirical asset pricing class.
Some of the background papers:
The Dog that Did Not Bark: A Defense of Return Predictability Review of Financial Studies21(4) 2008 1533-1575. How you can't just test returns alone.
“Volatility Tests and Efficient Markets: A Review Essay” Journal of Monetary Economics 27 (May 1991) 463-485. How volatility tests are the same as return regressions
"Permanent and Transitory Components of GNP and Stock Prices" Quarterly Journal of Economics CIX (February 1994) 241-266
Class 18: Equity premium and consumption-based models
Asset Pricing Ch 21
Financial Markets and the Real Economy Section 4.1.
Class 19: Utility functions
Asset Pricing Ch 21.2-21.3
Financial Markets and the Real Economy Section 4
“By Force of Habit: A Consumption-Based Explanation of Aggregate Stock Market Behavior” Journal of Political Economy, 107, 205-251 (April 1999) (With John Y. Campbell). The book summary will be enough, but here's the whole thing, and Manuscript with extra appendices
(Optional) Ravi Bansal, Dana Kiku and Amir Yaron 2012 An Empirical Evaluation of the Long-Run Risks Model for Asset Prices Critical Finance Review, 2012, 1: 183
Notes on utility functions (12/2/2013)
Class 20: Production, general equilibrium, and other approaches
Financial Markets and the Real Economy Sections 5,6,7
Discount rates p. 1065-1079
Two Trees (with Francis Longstaff and Pedro Santa-Clara), Review of Financial Studies 21 (1) 2008 347-385 An endowment economy with two trees. It follows up on the idea that "we can't all rebalance." There's a thesis topic in adding adjustment costs to this model.
International Risk Sharing is Better Than You Think, Or Exchange Rates are Too Smooth with Michael Brandt and Pedro Santa Clara. Journal of Monetary Economics 53 (4) May 2006 671-698. Discount factors and HJ bounds across countries, and an introduction to international.
THE END
III. Problem sets
Note that answer links will not work until after the problem set due date. The problem set links below the line may work, but they are from previous years. They are not official until I rework them and post them above the line for this year.
Problem set 1 Due monday Oct 21
Problem set 1 answers 10/23
Problem set 2 Due Wed Oct 30
Problem set 2 answers 10/30
Problem set 3 Due Monday Nov 11
Problem set 4 Due Wed Dec 4-
Final Exam Answers 2013 1/13/2014
----- Links below this line are not yet updated ---
Problem set 6 answers
Problem set 7 answers matlab program function doit function min2
Problem set 8 factors data returns data
Problem set 8 answers
matlab program
function tsregress_gmm
function olsgmm_ps6
function cs_gmm
Problem set 9 answers
matlab program
Sample final exam Warning! This is the final from the last time I taught the course. I have not reviewed the questions or answers for accuracy, and consistency with how I taught the course this year. This is mostly to help you see the style of final exams.
Final exam answers
Final exam score distribution: